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Even when plant growth-promoting bacteria are inoculated into the soil close to the plant, the actual distance the bacteria should move through the soil layers, with its numerous obstacles, is far larger than the direct distance. 1985. This work was presented in: Bashan, Y., Levanony, H., Filon, D., and Ben-Yehuda, A. 1985. Motility of rhizosphere bacteria in the soil towards wheat roots. The Thirteenth Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky Conference on Sensing and Response in Microorganisms. March 17-22, 1985, Ayelet Hashachar, Israel.

Upon inoculation, the plant growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum faced tough competition from the microorganisms in the soil. It is possible by adding some chemicals to which the plant growth-promoting bacteria are resistant and the competitors are not to suppress for short period of time the competition. This allows the plant growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum to become established in the rhizosphere of the host plant. 1986. This work was presented in: Bashan, Y. and Levanony, H. 1986. Association between wheat root and Azospirillum in relation to root colonization. Fourth International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, August 24-29, 1986, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.

Root tips that grow very quickly can transfer the plant growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum to depths far exceeding the inoculation site—a major advantage for the inoculation industry. 1986. This work was presented in: Bashan, Y. and Levanony, H. 1986. Root-bacteria interaction and its possible role in establishing a beneficial association. Interlec-8, Eighth International Lectin Meeting, May 26-30, 1986, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.

A research team is always far larger than the person who is presenting the talk at a conference and they usually are staying in the “shadows.” This work was presented in: Bashan, Y. and Levanony, H. (1986) Root-bacteria interaction and its possible role in establishing a beneficial association. Interlec-8, Eighth International Lectin Meeting, 26-30 May 1986, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Regardless of the physiological properties of the plant growth-promoting Azospirillum to enhance plant growth, a major role for its effect on plant is its capacity to firmly attach to the roots. 1987. This work was presented in: Bashan, Y. and Levanony, H. 1987. Bacteria-root cell interaction during primary stages of wheat root colonization by Azospirillum brasilense Cd. Fourth Azospirillum Workshop, 17-18 June 1987, Bayreuth, Germany

When a plant is colonized by beneficial bacteria, the main question is where are the bacteria? This work was presented in: Bashan, Y. and Levanony, H. (1987) Bacteria-root cell interaction during primary stages of wheat root colonization by Azospirillum brasilense Cd. Fourth Azospirillum Workshop, June 17-18, 1987, Bayreuth, Germany